Nuclear spins of some NMR-active nuclei are able to adopt two different orientations when they align to an external magnetic field (B 0). The force of those tiny magnets is defined by a constant known as the magnetogyric ratio (γ), whose value depends on the isotope. These NMR-active nuclei behave as tiny magnets (magnetic dipoles), capable of aligning with external magnetic fields (a process called magnetization). Only atomic nuclei with I ≠ 0 are detectable by NMR spectroscopy (NMR-active nuclei, such as 1H, 2H, 13C and 15N). The nuclear spin is defined by a quantic number ( I), which varies depending on the considered isotope. During this interaction there is a net exchange of energy which leads to a change in an intrinsic property of the atomic nuclei called nuclear spin. NMR spectroscopy is a physicochemical analysis technique that is based on the interaction of an externally applied radiofrequency radiation with atomic nuclei. NMR spectroscopy has become one of the most powerful techniques for structural determination of chemical species, as well as for the study of molecular dynamics and interactions. As a consequence, scientists have developed a myriad of novel methodologies to study complex systems, such as membrane proteins, metabolically complex samples, or even biological tissues. In the 1960s, the implementation of superconducting magnets and computers to NMR equipment opened the door to a great improvement in sensitivity and the possibility to design new types of NMR experiments. Since those early days, NMR spectroscopy progressed concurrently with advances in many other fields, such as mathematics, physics and informatics. Purcell from Harvard University, were jointly awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 for their contributions to the field of magnetic resonance. The two principal investigators of these groups, Felix Bloch from Stanford University and Edward M. In the 1940s, two research groups independently obtained the first successful measurements of NMR in condensed matter. It is based on the physical phenomenon of magnetic resonance that was first demonstrated by Isidor I. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physicochemical technique used to obtain structural information about molecules.
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